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[生活琐碎] 写给打算出国读研的本科生---留学申请基础

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1#
发表于 2011-3-3 18:04 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
过各专业申请还是建议想留学的朋友还是要经常去GTER,太傻之类的大型留学论坛看比较有用,注意是经常。以下内容是转的。



附:一封来自我在美国NY读商学朋友的e-mail】会让我们更加懂得如何去处理 PS,SV,WS等一些让我们麻烦的文书

GPA:Grade Point Average 平均绩点

GT:GRE/GMAT & Toefl GRE/GMAT与托福

PS:Personal Statement 个人陈述

CV:Curriculum Vitae 简历

WS:Writing Sample 专业文书范例

RL:Recommendation Letter 推荐信

WE:Why Essay 选校理由

因为本人申的是法学院LLM,可能对法学院更有针对性一些,但大部分经验是通用的。

总则

1. 坚持DIY,找中介绝对是耽误终身的事情。中介一般是每周做一个学生,每一周就集中把一个人的材料做完送走,下一周做下一个,这样才能赶在整个留学季里把所有客户的资料弄完。但是这样就等于你在他们手上的所有功夫只有一个星期,而如果DIY,整个三四个月的留学季都是你的,你有足够的时间和心思去阅读大量的相关经验和文书,请教大量的专业人士,把自己的材料精心修改,别出心裁或者精益求精。很多人交了中介三万块帮忙写了两封推荐信一份PS,还写得非常没特点,千人一面型,N多朋友拿到手之后又自己再重新写了一篇。找中介都是想图省事,结果反而更麻烦。也许对于一个申请新人来说,很容易被中介顾问看起来头头是道,消息灵通的样子所迷惑,以为他们很懂很权威,但是相信我,其实如果你自己做了,你会发现信息的积累是非常快的。一套申请做下来,你会比他们头头是道且权威得多。而他们的所谓定位技术也相当粗糙,一般就问问你GPA和GT,其他的都不会管,也不会帮你做,我当时被他们说成只能申50-100 的学校,结果我自己做,最后拿到了前20的录取。还有我一个朋友,交了中介三万元买了三篇文书之后就再也没理过她,根本不管她死活,最后她很愤怒地跟我说她情愿今年没有学校要她,这样她就可以去退钱了。。。囧。。申请做到这份上,不是耽误终身是什么?
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2#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:04 | 只看该作者
2. 学术能力。教授之所以要录取你,他们最看重你的,不是因为你托福高,也不是因为你PS写的天花乱坠,而是看你的学术能力。学术能力!你认为教授真的会对你的白血病抗争史感兴趣吗?你认为教授会对你的能歌善舞幽默开朗感兴趣吗?多才多艺兴趣广泛对大学的录取是有帮助的,但研究生院还是突出专业能力的地方。教授要找的是能帮他们做事情的,能参与他们研究,理解他们学术成就的学生,跟他们一条道上的人,或者,至少看着是有点学术潜力,能培养成同道中人的人。所以整个申请里都务必突出这四个字的主题,大学期间多参加一些专业项目,得一些专业奖项,发表点论文,写点专业文章,参加一些相关权威组织、活动之类,这些东西才是教授感兴趣的。如果觉得自己造诣不够,申请中阅读一些专业书籍、学术论文都来得及,只要行动了,永远不会晚。
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3#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:04 | 只看该作者
3. 申请其实不难,但是很琐碎,你将花费的时间远比你预算的要多得多。

4. 既然是本科生,我们不用和工作了好几年的职场牛人,或者有着强大研究学术背景的国内博士生们比,我们只要做得比大部分本科生好就够了。

5. 注册一个专用的权威的邮箱(还要政治稳定,不要动不动说退出中国市场,否则到时候哭也没用),不要把它用于其他注册,否则你会收到很多垃圾消息,常常空欢喜。

6. 如果对学校某个方面有问题,直接发邮件去问学校,或者直接打电话问学校。这是最权威的答案,不要问别人或者论坛,都没用。如果哪个小秘特别热心,回答得很详细,记下他/她的联系方式,以后该学校有问题都去问他/她,一般都会得到满意的答案。但也不是每个学校都这么热情,有时候被无视或者被冷遇或者延迟回复一个月是常有的事。

7. 直接打电话是最最有效的沟通和询问方式。打过去之前先打个草稿,不要表现得紧张,对方不会怜悯你的紧张。但是小秘人都很NICE,对话一般是随意而愉快的。

8. 不要过于依赖论坛。论坛可以知道一些信息和知识,但不要依据别人给的背景和选择学校来给自己定位。因为论坛里往往只写出自己的GPA和GT,完全忽略软条件(PS,CV,RL,WS,WHY ESSAY等),而这些对申请结果的决定性性远大于GPA和GT。
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4#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:04 | 只看该作者
9. 申请中必须和至少一个本土美国人交流,他们帮忙修改文书,给出一些学校、地理位置和风土人情的建议。如果不认识外国人或者不好意思找人帮忙,就去外教机构雇一个一对一私人家教。学历要高,毕业于名校,收费可能贵一点,但都是有回报的。他们润色出来的文书也比较好。与其靠中介,不如请他们比较靠谱。而且他们再贵也比中介便宜(我找的一位是三小时一千元,UCDavis毕业,来了三次共十小时,改完了我一篇PS,三篇WS,七篇WE,给了我很多选校建议。加上外教机构介绍费用总共才花了三千多,文书还是地道美语,美式逻辑,但是中介呢??三万块钱,找十个家教都够了,只买来两篇Chinglish破文书,还得自己修改)。就算跟钱过不去也不要拿自己的前途开玩笑吧~~

10. 父母的支持狠重要,一定要让他们支持你。否则对于大部分没经济来源的本科生而言,没有他们的拨款,你什么也做不了。

11. 大形势很重要。如果美国经济不好就业率低,一些方便留美工作的专业可能很难申,一些镀金专业可能非常宽松,录取率高得惊人。
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5#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:05 | 只看该作者
前期准备

12. GT很重要,重要性在于如果你达不到学校规定的要求,一般没希望申请。但不至于重要到达到了学校要求之后还要一遍一遍考得更高,如果不是有特别癖好,那真的没必要。比GT重要的东西多得是(具体下述),完全没必要花在这上面。

13. 注意各校对GT的单项分数要求。

14. 不要相信网上总结的各校GT要求,那不知道是猴年马月的数据,而且多偏低,要自己亲自去每个学校的系里的官网查,每个系要求都不一样的。

15. 考GT拍照的时候拍拍好,记得微笑~ 以后成绩单要复印寄给学校的,留下好印象。

16. 考托福不要超过三次。人生没那么多机会让你原地转圈,你必须为自己负责。而且相信就算托福很糟,也终有办法解决的(具体办法下述)。

17. GPA如果觉得不满意就抓紧重修。

18. 大一多参加一些志愿者活动,大二大三多参加一些学术性质的,和专业相关的比赛、活动和项目,争取写两篇论文。每次重要的活动记得拍照片,实习要留下实习证明,获奖证书,用稿通知单等务必都保存好。

19. 叫家长开好银行账户,准备好一笔存款长期放在里面。最好开银行VIP客户,以后开财产证明不花钱,要几张有几张。再办张附属卡,以后拿去美国用,全球VIP。

20. 成绩单学校开的,学校封信封;专业排名学院开的,学院封信封。信封上的章必须和信封里的文件上的章一致,否则无效的。
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6#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:05 | 只看该作者
21. 积累几个关系很好的老师,方便出推荐信。如果要找牛老师签推荐信,需要提前至少一学期准备——先选他们的课,再有很好的表现,再不忘时时联系,表述自己的学术心得,期末无比认真对待拿个好成绩,最后(一般也有个半年)再说推荐信的事情。也不要说的太晚,很多老师太受欢迎,怕写的推荐信太多会贬值身价,一般一年会有推荐的限额,去晚了他们会不高兴签了。

22. 实习也要好好做,交到手上的任务最后很可能成为Writing Sample。实习里的上司最后可能是推荐人。

23. 辅导员的帮忙很重要,申请期间经常会麻烦她/他老人家查找很久以前上交的实习证明或者开各种排名证明,出借成绩单之类的。

24. 选校最简单的方法,是拉一张前一百排名名单,注册一个邮箱,一支铅笔即可。名单上符合自己大概要求范围的每个学校都要一一亲自去官网查看。主要看:1.是否开设申请的学位,学位专业方向设置 2.GT成绩要求 3.申请截止的Deadline,是否Rolling(先到先审) 4.是否要通过专业机构投递(如法学院的LSAC) 5.有什么特别之处,比如招生规模特别小(全球15人),或者专业非美国本土校区之类 6.关心财政的看看Financal aid那块。每个学校这么找过来,然后一一在排名名单上做好记录,有的不适合的马上划掉。每个学校特色不一样的,有的偏好有工作经验,有的喜欢应届生。这些都可以在简介里看出来(“我们大部分的学生是来自……”)。当然也有感兴趣的有正好符合条件的,一百个看下来总有这么十几个是自己的实力加兴趣还对口的,而它们的排名也一般都呈梯度拉开,这样,一张初步的选校名单就这么形成了。
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7#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:05 | 只看该作者
25. 每个学校都务必是自己很想去的学校。申那些不想去纯粹保底的学校根本没意思。

26. 如果有个学校很想去,GT没达标,可以发邮件问问其GT要求是否flexible,如果小秘回答是,可以继续该校申请。如果小秘回答不行或者干脆不回信(还不死心可以直接打电话问问),就划了吧。

27. 如果有Dream School,Dream Professor,务必找到他们的简介,一般CV里都会有他们的几篇文章可以下载阅读,并附了联系邮箱。仔细研究之后直接发邮件去和老师探讨,这样的套磁才是高质量高水准的。

28. 确定了选校尽快联系ETS寄GT成绩,一般一个月左右才会到达。其他材料可以慢慢做。

29. 买台好点的打印机放在电脑旁边,买好一厚叠120gA4白纸,准备好两个废纸袋。具体操作见第74 条。

Personal Statement

30. PS并没有想像中的那么神奇。绩点不高托福不够,想凭一篇PS进名校?坦白地说,不可能。但是 WS+CV+PS+RL可以做到。不过仅仅一篇PS是达不成这么大的功劳的。PS是重要,但还有东西比PS更重要。

31. 每个学校都有对PS的要求,确定选校名单之后一一仔细研究。一定要按照学校的要求来写。

32. 写之前务必阅读大量同专业的前辈们的真实PS范例(一般网上有下)。

33. 一切能在CV中写的东西都不要写进PS(诸如GPA,GT,所获奖项,参与的活动和项目,发表论文等等)。PS是展示这些量化的客观要素之外的个人个性化陈述。诸如求学动机、自身的性格特点如何适合此专业、职业生涯的规划等等。如果硬件条件一般的同学,不建议写天花乱坠天马行空的炫技版PS,写点诚恳实在的东西看上去更靠谱一点。

34. 很多不要求WS的学校会把PS当WS来看,所以无论内容和结构都要力臻完美。

35. PS里可以写选校理由,或者另外写WE。
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8#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:05 | 只看该作者
36. 如果能够把自己的以往经历与学校特色加以整合,得出“我这么活着这么多年,有这么多坎坷经历,就是为了读你们学校,恰恰是你们学校如量身定做般满足了我的人生履历及未来需要”那么特别的话,就是一篇很好的PS+Why essay了(。。囧)。

37. 文书,论文的翻译不要相信翻译公司或者什么翻译机构,全部是用翻译软件翻的。

38. 先自己把PS、文书们都写/翻成英文,然后请老外修改。不要找什么PS修改机构,要找个老外坐在你旁边一句一句修改,因为经常会有老外根本看不懂你这句话什么意思的情况,你在旁边就可以向他解释,然后他恍然大悟,开始修改。

39. PS没有标题,页眉处注明PS及申请人、所申学校及专业即可(CV、WS、WE同理)。

40. PS的语句必须精简,精到删掉任何一句话任何一个字都影响原文表达。关于词的挑选,可以用 thesaurus一一斟酌。

41. 所有文书全部Times New Roman字体12号,双倍行距。PS一般控制在两页之内,不要去偷偷修改缩进之类的数据,教授们手上N多标准文书,你有没有改一看就知道。
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9#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:05 | 只看该作者
Curriculum Vitae

42. 个人认为几个要素的重要性(文科类,尤其法学院):CV>WS>GT>GPA>PS(含WE)>RL。你需要用GPA证明你的一般学习能力,用GT证明你的英语水平及标准化考试能力,用CV囊括你这大学三年的专业建树,用WS来表现专业研究的具体水平,用PS从另一个角度展示个性化因素,用RL从其他侧面旁敲侧击勾勒出申请者的另一个形象,用WE表示你申请该校的诚意及个人需要。这些东西加在一起成为了一个整体。而即便是相对来说排位最最不重要的RL,也必须倾注大量心血(参见第21点)。所以总的来说,这些指标没一个是不重要的,都必须全力以赴认真对待,只有尽力将各方面做得尽量无可挑剔,才可能获得好的结果。

43. CV非常非常重要,它可以在最短的时间里了解申请者的大概层次,所以CV是继成绩单和GT之后教授看的第一样东西。但一篇好的CV需要靠三年的长期努力和累积(参加第18点)。

44. 找一份专业的CV,不要参考那些牛人教授的,那些太牛了没法比。可以参考美国应届生的CV,用词专业,格式正规。

45. 有了第18条的底子和CV样板,把这些经历罗列上去就OK。注意用词尽量优化。最后最好附上各种活动、奖状、论文发表的照片,大大增加真实性和直观性(如果申的是法学院,更该附上去,让教授觉得你有主张什么都附证据的好习惯)。

46. CV要写得详细且有据可查,比如实习要写上工作单位、地址、电话、上司及联系方式、工作内容、一周工作时间、及离开原因。写获得的奖项要写上举办单位、几个人参加自己是什么位置、指导老师及其联系方式、参赛内容题目、最后页附上奖项照片等等。

47. 能造假的都是不重要的。

48. 申请材料要注意前后呼应。比如CV里写到发表了一篇论文,然后可以说参见WS,WS里附上论文英文版;或者CV里写到参加了某某专业活动,PS里写自从参加了这个活动之后,我的专业生涯兴趣发生了什么飞跃/变化之类。这样能让你的申请看上去更整体,也更有真实性。

49. 如果CV有了很多图片,注意容量压缩,否则网申传不上去。
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10#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:06 | 只看该作者
50. 申请的纸张和打印店的选择也很重要。建议用120G的纸,物色一家最好的打印店。彩打简历里的照片、奖状要印得很清晰,看上去很有质感。

Recommendation Letter

51. 一般学校需要三封推荐信,两封学术教授的,一封实习单位的。要证明的东西:1.学术能力 2.英语环境下的学习能力。如果你有个开设双语专业课的牛教授,或者一个处理涉外事务的实习上司,那真是天赐的良机,马上好好表现吧~!

52. 推荐信不要空泛,要有具体、真实事例。捏造一个事例不如自己亲身去做一个事例让别人有据可写。

53. 让实习那边出推荐信,没门路的话最好不要找单位公家开,会非常非常麻烦且一般不让开,找个实习单位里要好的同事帮忙开就行。

54. 老外一般不肯随便开推荐信的。

55. 开推荐信经常会被拒绝的,特别是社会人士开。表沮丧,练的就是抗击打能力。。

56. 推荐信的信封上除了推荐人签名,自己要写好给哪个学校,申请人名字及签名,申请的专业和网申号(成绩单信封上也要写这些)。否则万一信封掉落,捡起来都不知道是谁的。

Writing Sample

57. WS非常非常重要。而它之所以重要,就是因为它是学术能力的最好体现。

58. 任何与专业有关的文章都能拿来做WS。我当时交了三篇WS,一篇学校期中作业的满分小评论,一篇律所实习时写的代理意见提纲,一篇论文原文。我不敢说自己写得多好,但是我保证这些实实在在的学术类的东西要比你写十篇花言巧语的PS有用的多。

59. 务必找个美国人修改。因为很多中国式的逻辑表达方式在他们眼里根本行不通,甚至很多中文写出来很有趣的有观点的有思想的文章到了美国人手里,因为文化观念及意识形态的不同,觉得根本没有讨论的必要(尤其是政法类文章)。
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11#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:06 | 只看该作者
60. 要载论文必须注明是原文件而非发表的版本,没有经过他人编辑和修改。

61. 论文写作格式参考APA第五版。

62. WS要和PS一样精简,反复修改反复阅读,体会其中的逻辑严密性。

63. 如果WS很长,可以一一发小秘邮件询问可否修改字体大小与行距并双面打印。届时你也会听到不同的小秘对WS的态度。有的会说可以,有的说不接受论文,有的说最好挑一篇(当然最后我还是三篇一起寄去了),最牛的一家说他们只看他们规定的文件,其他一律 discard。。最后,果然我被这家Waiting List了。。

Why Essay

64. 这是Optional的,但是很有用。Why Essay就是选校理由,比如why yale就是选yale的选校理由。PS毕竟字数有限,选校理由只有一小段好写,怕些不透彻的话可以另外开WE。这也保证了PS为纯粹的个人性陈述,各校整齐划一,而WE各校不尽相同的鲜明特色。

65. 要写好WE,先把各个学校的网页挖透。一般都有专业院系的Brochure,这个绝对是个好东西,务必仔细研读,找到学校引以为豪的特色,然后迎合之。比如某某学校说其藏书全美第三,又经常开国际学术讨论会,那么WE里可以写“我对一个美国视角下的中国法文化很感兴趣,因为美国自身有着成熟的法律积淀及截然不同的文化底蕴。我选贵校的理由之一是因为其藏书众多,我一定能找到各大学者各个流派对中国法律文化的观点,而国际学生会议上我又能听到各个国家学生的想法,这对于我日后回国处理外国客户与涉外案件是相当有帮助的”云云。。

66. 学校一般还公布专业上的课程,务必研读之,找出感兴趣的接得上的课程提一下(比如接上例的中国法课程)。

67. 不要写选你们是因为GT要求低之类的,即使说成“选你们是因为你们是少数并非只看重分数的学校”也不行,如果自己GT低,除了GT成绩单上反映出来之外,整个申请里不要再提。也用不着道歉或者感觉低人一等,尽力展示其他方面就好了。
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12#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:06 | 只看该作者
申请过程

68. 买N个好点的塑料档案袋和文件夹,一个学校一个文件夹,对着每个学校的Checklist,要寄出去都放在档案袋里,档案袋上贴好名字,所致的学校和申请的专业及网申号,连档案袋一起寄出。

69. 不止一页的材料不要用订书机装订,小秘要再拆开来的,很麻烦,用回形针即可。

70. 小秘会先把申请者的材料根据GT和GPA成绩分门别类共教授审阅。

71. 付钱一般去中国银行办国际汇票。如果选校有变动,汇票可以退,带好当时填写的申请书。那边的工作人员一般也都很Nice。

72. 申请费有的可以waive,视学校规定。成绩优秀的同学可以一试。写waive申请书时要表明自己经济困难并注明GPA与GT成绩,让学校相信你是个优秀人才不想错失而让你免费申请。

73. GT不高可以主动要求面试。面试时上来强调信号不好,这样为后面巨多无比的Pardon做了铺垫。

74. 在电脑旁边准备两个纸袋,一个放单面废纸,一个放双面废纸。申请中会浪费NNN多纸,经常打出来一看一个词错了再重新打。一旦发现错了马上塞进废纸袋里,否则最后这些大同微异的纸会多得自己都搞不清楚到底哪张是正文。

75. 开一份财产证明随材料送出,特别是在经济萧条时期美国的镀金类专业申请。

76. 写一份Cover List。
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13#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:06 | 只看该作者
77. 第一份寄出去的千万不要是自己最想去的学校,因为在寄送的过程中会发现自己的材料可能有很多小错误而一一改正(当然牛人可以做到任何细节完全无误不需纠正)。相对于最后一份,第一份简直是只千疮百孔的小白鼠。

78. 寄出的时候如果是亲手交给快递公司,会有一种神奇的命运感~ 亲吻一下你的材料,好好享受这奇妙的感觉吧!

79. 快递寄出去之后的两三个工作日要记得在网上查询,寄下签收人然后发邮件给学校问是否收到了材料。警惕有时候可能是个无关紧要的人签收了,材料一直放在个门房间什么角落里,从来没有被拿去审过! 如果发邮件学校不回(通常这时候都很忙)可以直接打电话去,一定要确认已经进了他们的system,才能安心等待消息。

80. 不要贪图快而匆忙准备文书,必须精心修改到自己满意为止再寄出去。

81. 最好在年底之前寄出,最晚不要晚于二月中旬(如果deadline更靠后的话)。寄出的时间早晚并不影响录取,但是会影响奖学金。一般奖学金发完了就没有了。

82. 那些五六月才截止的学校根本不靠谱,签证都来不及。

83. 网申的尽量网上付费。一旦付费了电脑会自动将你注册的网上信息availbale to 学校(不付费你上传的东西学校看不见的),如果邮寄汇票需要人工调试系统,会慢好几周(想想看每天都有多少申请材料被审阅,慢好几周是慢多少人啊~~ 某网申学校我寄了汇票过去等了一个多星期还不见我网申成功,最后我怕来不及就又付了一遍网上付费,一秒钟就网申成功了。又过了一个多星期小秘才发现,最后把汇票退回来了)。

84. 不要试图逃费,无论申请费还是ETS送分费。现在很多学校发现逃费也不会催你,等你自动过Deadline。为了这点钱,不值得。
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14#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:06 | 只看该作者
录取与答复阶段

85. 大部分情况下,在没出结果之前都不知道自己几斤几两,被录取之后便开始自我膨胀。

86. 学校的录取一般集中在三月,三月中下旬居多,一部分在四月。有的寄的早的第一批可能年底或一月即得到结果。

87. 如果寄来快递,一般拒信或Waiting List都只有薄薄一张纸,而Offer和AD都会伴随很多表格及学校材料相对厚重些。所以结果是什么,甚至不用拆信封,掂量一下就知道。

88. 大部分学校在发了录取之后都会很殷勤,稍微去问个问题就会问“May I take it you are accepting our offer of admission?”

89. 大部分被拒的学校会问你准备去哪里或者为什么不选他们学校,好方便他们改进。

90. 不要叫被拒的学校的小秘帮你参谋去哪个学校好。

91. 415之前务必尘埃落定,决定好去的学校。

92. 不打算去的学校早点拒掉,积累RP空出位置给后面的同学们。

93. 如果给了财产证明,学校会直接寄I20签证表格,拒掉的学校要寄回去。

94. 不要说什么“像某某这样的学校,只给半奖,根本不值得去”,每个学校的评审教授都阅人无数,你到底值不值得给钱,给多少钱,他们一看就知道。

95. 也不要说某某学校今年很水,有申必进之类的话,你知道自己付出了多少的,也照顾一下还没有拿到录取的同学的情绪。

96. 如果录取了,也要适当保持联系,可能之后会给奖学金(对于奖学金的评选与录取分开的学校来说)。

97. 被waiting list也要一直写信过去表示持续关注,可能死里逃生。

98. 有很多录取的时候可以拿着这些录取去向个别学校逼奖。

99. 记得感谢曾经帮助过你的人,回访一下老师,请客同事朋友们,拿到第一个录取的时候第一时间通知他们,没有他们的帮忙,你不会有今天。

100. 出国留学是件很幸运的事情,当飞机降落,看见一个崭新的国度,陌生的城市在眼角下的时候,那是一种怎样的##被过滤##和兴奋。祝所有正在准备的同学们好运!Happy Ending!

ending,but not the end~这是华丽丽的分割线
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15#
 楼主| 发表于 2011-3-3 18:06 | 只看该作者
email比较长,讲的也非常全面,看完以后对我的帮助也很大。尤其是essay和ps方面。很多中国学生觉得这两个不是很重要,随便写写或者套中介的模板就行。我的看法是千万千万千万不要这么做,录取委员会的教授们每天阅申请无数,一个平凡的ps和雷同的模板式eassy他们一眼就能看出来,中国学生的gpa和tofel gre gmat成绩一般都不差,要想让自己stand out,核心竞争力我认为就在履历,ps和essay上。 下附翻译内容,我翻译的很粗糙,尽量看原文吧。





Hi Cassandra!



I've gone and written you a long, long email. It has helped me to clarify some of my ideas about business school, and I thought it might be interesting to send to some of my friends in the future if they ever consider business school. I haven't discussed EMT at Stern specifically, because although that is my planned major, I won't start until September so I can't tell you much yet. I did, however, just finish the whole application process, so I am very familiar with that and have described my experience in detail below. So apologies about the length and lack of specifics on Stern, but I hope this is helpful.



The preamble:



You've got a long, long time to prepare, so my first piece of advice would be not to think too far ahead. I know you probably hear this all the time, but the most important thing for your application is that you follow your interests, study what you're interested in, and do what you do best and do it well. It also means making sure that you are well-rounded, that you take time to pursue hobbies and activities outside of class, and that you remember to push your boundaries and do some activities that will make you grow as a person.



One of the big differences between Business School and other graduate schools is that they aren't necessarily looking only at academic achievement. B-Schools want to pick a class of well-rounded, experienced people from diverse and interesting backgrounds. This makes for a much more equitable (or sometimes much more "random") selection process. Unlike Law School, where a certain GPA and LSAT score can almost guarantee admittance, with B-School, you often find people with lower grades or lower scores but really strong experience are admitted to top programs. It can be very difficult to predict or control where you stand in the admissions process.



With that general material out of the way:



Business School applications are all about "telling your story." The schools want to see that you have a clear, organized plan for your life, and that you have a very specific idea about how business school fits into this plan and why. Of course, very very few people are lucky enough in their early or mid-twenties to have anything remotely resembling an organized life plan. Therefore, business schools become all about the "story:" how do you shape, twist, make up, and imagine your experiences and desires into a coherent argument to present to B-Schools.



Some small basic things can help. Make sure you have enough Math, Economics or Statistics courses on your transcript to demonstrate that you are good with numbers and won't struggle with the academic side of B-school. The level of Math in business school is pretty basic, so even just taking one or two classes in these areas would probably be enough to show you have the required skills. If you are planning to major in Economics or Science, don't worry about this. But if you are a humanities student, consider taking a Micro Economics class or something similar. This will also demonstrate that you had an early interest in the Business field.



Following on that, you should try to demonstrate an interest in economics or business, or in how they relate to your chosen field of interest. If you are interested in Media and Entertainment, sit down and try to work out how going to business school would help you advance in that field. It's important to remember that B-Schools see themselves as a means to an end, not an end in themselves. They want students who are ambitious and plan to use business school to get them ahead in their chosen fields. They DO NOT want students who are applying to business school because they want the credential on their record, or because they don't know what they want to do and need more time to figure it out. That being said, B-School is full of those kind of people (who have no idea what they want to do yet), but all of them managed to tell a compelling story on their applications about how business school was the right place for them and how it would help them in their careers.



Try to display initiative and become a leader in an area that interests you. Try to become the head of a club, the captain of a sports team, the editor of a magazine, or the director of a movie. B-schools will look for that kind of engagement and "management" experience. They want to know that you are good at interacting with people, that you have some "leadership" skills, and that you are invested enough in what you do to want to take ownership of it.



Now, about work experience. It used to be the case that very few students came straight from undergrad programs into Business School. Although schools now seem to be admitting more and more students straight out of college, it is still rare and you may find yourself struggling with many parts of the application. Each application asks specific essay questions about "leadership" and personal experience, and the more varied and interesting your responses, the better your essays. Since most undergrad programs are similar, it will therefore be harder for you, as an undergrad, to put the same amount of color and diversity into your application as someone who has been out of school for a few years. It will also be difficult for your to argue convincingly that you understand how business school fits into your career, not having begun your career.



I would strongly advise looking for a summer internship at a company or NGO in the field that you are interested in during college. I would also strongly strongly advise trying to find a job in your field for at least 2 years after college before considering school. For many people, Business School IS NOT an intelligent choice. If you already have a great job at a company you like, with opportunity for upward mobility, why spend $200,000 for a school that at best can only send you back into the same field with a small promotion? I think business school is best for those who are interested in changing careers, or who have reached a ceiling in their upward momentum and need business school to help them take that next step. I feel the situation is slightly different in China, where graduate education is becoming more and more of a basic threshold for employment, but in the US it is certainly worth trying to succeed on your own before spending a lot of money to do so.



Those few years after college will also give you a chance to become a more well-rounded person, to travel places you've always wanted to travel, to see things you've always wanted to see, and to take some risks that might be harder later in life. Start a company, write a book, move to Peru--even if you fail, you will be demonstrating to schools that you have a passion and are independent and ambitious about pursuing it. And if you succeed or discover something new that you really love, it will either give you a great story to tell on your application or maybe even make you so successful you don't need to apply at all!



If you finish college and you have a really strong idea that B-School is the place for you, then by all means, apply. Consider looking into the growing number of special scholarship programs B-Schools offer for students coming straight from undergrad programs.



Basics about the application:



Business schools considers the following: your transcript, your GMATs or GREs, your essays and your recommendations.



Transcript: pretty simple here, get good grades! But also remember that grades aren't quite as important to B-School as other grad schools. The average GPA is usually somewhere around 3.5.



GMATs/GREs: Personally, I took the GMATs, but GREs are an option too. My understanding is that the GMATs' math section is a little harder, while the GREs' verbal section is a little harder. Take whichever you feel most comfortable with but make sure you study hard and do well, as this is by far the easiest part of the application.



Essays: And this is the hardest part of the application. I applied to five schools and had to write somewhere around 40 essays by the end of the process. These will take endless drafts and revisions. Since you are thinking so many years ahead, my advice would be to start practicing now. Not seriously, yet, but take a moment every once in a while to jot down essay ideas. Try to remember the important moments in your life, what you felt and how they changed you. What is especially meaningful to you and why? The more you practice, the better a writer you'll become. The same subjects that make good essays might make good blog postings, diary entries, or even publications in a student journal somewhere. Consider those options as a way to practice. When you start applying for real, make sure you send your essays to be read by friends who are in business school already. They will know best what makes a good application essay. The more people who read your work, the better it will be.



Recommendations: B-schools discourage applicants from using academic references, although this must not apply for undergrads. Nevertheless, consider looking for a mentor at a summer job or internship who might help advise your career and eventually write you a recommendation. The schools want to see who you are as a person, as a worker and as a colleague, not just as a student.



About applying and the process:



Start early, in January or February before the year you want to apply. Take the GMATs and get them out of the way, giving yourself time to retake them if necessary. If you are really well prepared, you could take both the GMAT and the GRE, and send only your best score, that way avoiding having to send two scores if you mess up the first time. Start researching schools and get an idea about what makes them different. Although B-schools all claim to be unique, I found them to be quite similar in terms of on campus offerings. One big difference, however, can be what sort of access they give you off campus. Make sure each school is known by recruiters in your chosen field and that they have a good track record in placing students in that area.



Start your essays early so you can get several rounds of revisions done for each. Your goal is to have everything wrapped up by the end of July so you can make the Round 1 application deadline for every top school on your list. This will give you a slightly better chance of being accepted and also give you the opportunity to apply to safety schools if the first round doesn't go well. Keep in mind that the application process is quite time intensive, and most people I know only applied to a small handful of schools, like five or six.



Try and visit as many schools as you can to see if you would enjoy life on that campus and in order to become familiar with specifics of the schools that you can use in your essays. Try to meet and talk to students, either on campus or through your school friends and alumni, as those one-on-one conversations can become useful material in your applications.



Then the waiting begins. You sit and wait for interview invitations. An invitation to interview is a very good sign, it means the school likes you, is strongly considering you, and is now ready to meet you. Most top schools require interviews in person in order to offer you a place in the class. To prepare for these, keep working on your story. Why Business School? Why Now? Why at School X? Call on your research into the subtle differences between each program, and your experiences with students from those schools and during visits. You usually have the opportunity to attend a class or two on the day of your interview, so if you schedule your interview for the late afternoon, it will give you a chance to look around campus and have a very fresh impression in your mind when you go into your meeting.



Try not to get discouraged. The waiting process can be long, and you may be rejected from schools you were confident about or accepted to schools you never dreamed would take you. Try not to think about it too much and try not to compare yourself to others. In the end, it is your unique strengths that will get you into school, not your similarities to the rest of the class. Just because someone has a low GMAT score doesn't mean they don't have a high GPA, amazing extracurriculars, or are just a fantastic and charismatic storyteller. It's impossible to know the details of everyone's application, so don't try. You will be a happier and less-stressed applicant if you try to put the waiting out of your mind and focus on the things you can control, like preparing for interviews.



That being said, it's impossible not to be curious and I did find a few useful websites where applicants posted their experiences in interviews, including the questions they were asked, which can help you prepare.



In conclusion:



1) Be true to yourself, figure out what you're interested in, good at, and passionate about and pursue those things aggressively. This more than anything will make you a strong candidate.



2) Begin trying to explain how B-School fits into your career plan. Do you need B-School to succeed? Why? Why would School X help you more than School Y? Play the Devil's advocate, force yourself to come up with strong answers to these questions.



3) Prepare and apply early. The more time you give yourself, the better your application will be.



4) Don't let worrying about Business School make you forget to enjoy college. Enjoy your undergraduate experience and try to focus on getting the most out of that for now. Happy people with fun stories make good classmates.



Hope these thoughts help. Best of luck with the next two years and good luck if you decide to apply to school. I'll just be graduating then, but if you have further questions, you know where to find me.



Yours,



Andrew
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