不吃东西能饱吗？

-Harriet-

人的行为是大脑控制的，是饱还是饿的感觉也是靠大脑来决定的。人体内存在着两类与吃饱有关的信号。它们帮助大脑做出是否继续吃的决定。
　
　　已知的“饱足信号”有好多种，研究最广泛的是缩胆囊素（CCK）。吃饭的时候，被消化的某些食物成份会刺激CCK的分泌。这些CCK一部分会去刺激胰腺分泌和胆囊收缩，一部分会去刺激神经受体。不同的食物成份，比如碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质还会产生CCK之外的其他“饱足信号”。信号汇总到大脑，大脑就会对身体需求和进食过程产生的结果进行预测。当这些信号足够强，大脑就会做出决定：嘿，再吃就长胖了啊。
　
　　所以吃饱的感觉不是由食物产生的，而是由食物引发的饱足信号产生的。那么，如果人为改变这些饱足信号，是不是就可以改变“饥饿”或者“饱足”的感觉呢？
　
　　有人做过这样的实验：在饭前让人体摄入外源的CCK，然后记录一段时间内所吃的东西。结果是摄入的CCK越多，吃的就越少，但是摄入量非常大以后也不会完全不吃。另一方面，如果阻断CCK的作用，比如使用CCK的受体阻断剂，人的进食量就会增加。

-Harriet-

CCK的注入没有给人体带来任何不适，却又能产生饱足感，减少进食量，从而使减肥不再那么痛苦。这难道就是减肥的真正法门？
　
　　研究者开始折腾老鼠，给它们装上腹腔导管，每次进食前控制CCK（或安慰剂）的含量并监测进食情况。结果，饭前注射CCK的老鼠确实每顿吃得比较少，但是它们每天吃的顿数却增加了。看起来，外源CCK虽然减少了吃饭时的进食量，但是体内却有别的机制通过增加进食次数来补偿。
　
　　如果不是断章取义地拿“科学研究表明”的旗号去忽悠公众，通过摄入“饱足信号”减少食物需求的想法一时半会儿还不能实现。当然，不能断言此路不通，但要想把这种希望变成现实，恐怕还需要砸进更多的钱。

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