雅思写作 写作专家透析考试十大常见错误

雪之女王

雅思写作是考生最头疼也是最难取得高分的科目，尽管很多考生在考试前做了大量的练习和模拟训练，但写作成绩提高的幅度仍旧不明显。分析认为，常见的原因主要有训练不得法，教师指导质量不高，语言技能弱等。根据笔者多年在写作方面的教学经验，考生在写作上常犯的错误大致总结为以下十个方面：
不一致（disagreements）
雅思写作中的所谓不一致，不仅仅指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致，时态不一致和代词不一致等。
1. When one have money, he can do what he want to.
(一旦人有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么)
分析：
One是第三人称单数，因而本句的have应该改为has；同样，want应该改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。
改为：Once one has money, he can do what he wants(to do).
修饰语错位（misplaced modifiers）
英语与汉语不同，同一修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子含义可能引起变化。对于这点很多考生没有引起足够的重视，因而造成不必要的误解。比如：
1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
分析：
Better位置不当，应置于句末。
改为：I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
句子不完整（sentence fragments）
在口语对话中，人们可以借助手势，语气，上下文等，使不完整的句子完全被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会使得句子意思不清。而这种情况往往发生在主句写完以后，考生又想加些补充说明时发生：
2. There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
分析：
本句后半部分“For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能成为一个句子。
改为：There are many ways to know the society, for example, by TV, radio, newspaper.

-Harriet-

雪之女王

分析：
整个句子太罗嗦，可以大大简化：
改为：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy things they need.
不连贯（incoherence）
不连贯是指一个句子前言不搭后语，或者是结构上不畅通，这也是考生经常犯的错误之一。如：
1. The fresh water, it is the most important things in the world.
分析：
“the fresh water”与逗号后的it不连贯，it与things在数方面不一致。
改为：The fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
综合性语言错误（comprehensive misusage）
所谓综合性语言错误是指在雅思写作中除了上述10种错误外的诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等错误。如：
1. Today money to everyone is very importance, our’s cloths, live, eat, go etc.
分析：
“our”是人称代词的所有格形式，可以单独作形容词使用，没必要使用’s形式，而且后面应该跟名词。
改为：Today money to everyone is very important, for example, our eating, clothing, living, going ,etc.
了解了上述常见错误后，就带大家通过几篇考生的雅思范文，来深入了解这些错误发生的频率和改进这些错误后会给文章带来的质的改变：
例：
Writing task 1 (Cambridge 1- page 51):
The diagram shows the process of collecting information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts in Australia Bureau of Meteorology. It can be clearly seen that information goes through three main stages until it can be broadcast. These stages are incoming information, analysis and forecasting, preparing the broadcast and finally, broadcast.
As it is shown in the diagram, first, information is gathered via satellite, radar, and drifting buoy. The information from satellite is transmitted to radar. Satellite, itself, takes photos. All the information provided by these three tools are integrated into satellite photos, radar screen, and synoptic charts. Then, they are analyzed and forecast. This information is sent to computers in order to prepare the broadcast. Finally, up-to-date information is broadcast via TV, radio, and recorded announcement.
In conclusion, the diagram shows that there are various stages in preparing and
broadcast of latest news on the weather and that radar has a fundamental role in gathering data. Also, the most comprehensive information is obtained from synoptic charts.

雪之女王

不间断句子（run-on sentences）
什么叫不间断句子，请看下面的例子：
1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
分析：
这个句子包含了2层完整的意思“There are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside world”，简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为：There are many ways for us to get to know the outside world.或者There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.
措辞毛病（troubles in diction）
措辞是指在特定的句子中如何恰当地选用词语的问题，由于很多因素的制约，比如上课时间有限，老师在这方面作的指导相对来说就比较少，因此导致了学生在平时写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中措辞不当的地方比比皆是：
1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
(农业中不断增加的化学物质的使用也造成了污染)
分析：
显然，考生把“obstacles”“障碍物”当做“物质”来使用了，另外，“the increasing use”（不断增加的使用）应该改为“abusive use”(滥用)。
改为：The abusive use of chemical substance in agriculture also leads to pollution.
累赘（redundancy）
建议考生们在写作中语言以简洁为贵，写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或者句子，如：
1. In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
分析：
本句中的“In spite of the fact that he is lazy”是同位语从句，按照我们上面说的能用词组不用从句，
改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
2. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the things they need.

雪之女王

悬垂修饰语（dangling modifiers）
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语和后面的短语逻辑关系不清，如：
1. At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
分析：
这句话“At the age of ten”只指出10岁时，但并没有指出谁10岁时，按照一般的推理不可能是“my grandfather”，如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确点，句子就不会引起别人误解了。
改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.
2. To do well in college, good grades are essential.
分析：
句中不定式“To do well in college”逻辑主语不清。
改为：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
词性误用（misuse of parts of speech）
分析认为，词性误用通常表现为：介词当动词用，形容词当副词用，名词当动词用等，如：
1. None can negative the importance of money.
分析：
Negative是形容词，误作动词使用。
改为：None can deny the importance of money.
指代不清（ambiguous reference of pronouns）
指代不清主要指代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后使用的代词不一致，如：
1. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to become her bridesmaid.
分析：
读完上面这句话后，作者无法明确判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象明确，意思就一目了然了。
改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to become her bridesmaid.
2. We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
分析：
句中代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为：We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.