下作技巧

falcon

写个人陈述的注意事项：
个人陈述写作的重点在于：
——表达自己的理想、展示自己的优秀、解释自己的弱点（如GPA不高）；
——申请者应该合理地说明自己为什么要选择这个专业、这所学校，令人信服地表明自己符合其录取标准，并展望在这所学校的学习经历对申请者学术和前途的重大意义。　
　　（一）详读学校的写作说明并了解问题的重点，不赘言，不遗漏，且在要求的字数内完成。例如学校要求五百字内完成（In　500　words　or　less　discuss...），则全文最好不要超过五百字。如果学校要求以问答方式来叙述（Resp##被过滤##es　to　essay　questi##被过滤##...　.　Please　limit　your　resp##被过滤##e　to　on　page.），则依其要求回答不超过一页。

　　目前为止你经历的最重要的成就是什么？可以是一项课题，一件工艺品，一次研究，不一定与你想要攻读的专业有关。你想从事何种特殊领域的工作，请尽量具体陈述，解释你的专业背景能为该特殊领域的工作带来什么帮助。如果你有一定的研究经验，请说明你在该项研究中充当的角色，发挥的作用以及主要成果，最重要的是，在研究过程中推出的解决方法和运算法则。如果你的学分不高，为什么你仍旧坚持在我们专业学习？

　　（二）写作时应清楚明确。例如：　


　　1．“I　am　interested　in　English　literature.”这句话表达不够清楚，而“I　was　concentrated　on　Milton　and　Shakespeare　in　college.”就明白地说出了申请人的志趣及专研范围。


　　2．“I　received　extensive　training　in　physics.”这句话不够详细，“My　training　was　in　the　area　of　particle　physics.”就具体多了。


　　3．“I　was　very　active　as　a　student　representative.”最好说明曾经做什么：主办演讲、沟通学生与校方之间的意见等。


　　4．“I　am　attracted　to　your　department　by　its　brilliant　faculty”——应说明对教授的认知是从何而来，如在何处读到某教授的文章而愿受教于他，或某位教授正在从事一项重要研究，与自己欲攻读的研究领域相同等；表达对所申请系所的课程、教师和特性有些了解，依学校不同而提及对某位任教于该校的教授、新课程或该校的某个学位感兴趣。

　　（三）不要用语意模糊的句子，如“Your　esteemed　school”——应代以学校的名字；“I　will　return　to　serve　my　country.”——应明确说出所要从事的到底是什么工作。

　　（四）避免用深奥的词汇，尽量以简单容易的文字来表达。


　　（五）不要离题，谈论一些不相干的事。　


　　（六）态度诚恳认真，不卑不亢。不用为自己的弱点道歉，譬如托福成绩不高等；也不要表现得过份自信，重要的是给学校一个专业的、认真的印象。　


　　（七）不要抄袭、改写书上的样本文章。应详读学校的介绍，了解其要求，再对自己的学业背景、计划加以考虑，写出有自己风格的文章。　


　　（八）检查英文的时态、性别及单复数等方面的错误，美国的学校不会期望外国学生的英文完美无缺，故陈述得清楚明白比十全十美的英文更重要。　

liushiyou

不错，就是题目错了

falcon

写推荐信的若干技巧


　　1.看一遍申请人的个人材料或申请书，这样你的推荐信才能和申请相吻合，而不会在内容上有所冲突或重复。

　　2.让申请人给你提供更多的材料，如简历等。

　　3.描述你把该申请人和其他申请人对比的先决条件。 我已从教20年，过去五年来，我指导过大约450名学生的独立研究项目。 五年来，我每年夏天带10名实习生，同时还以大银行集团（Big　Bank　Corp.）培训老师的身份带200多名大学生。

　　4.探讨你对申请人的了解程度。 我认识Doe先生是因为我每周的两次课他都上，而事实上只要求上一次。 史密斯小姐在大六会计事务所（Big　Six　Accounting　Firm）升职前两年一直直接向我报告。

　　5.选你所观察到的申请人的一、两个优点。 珍妮有绝佳的写作和与人交往技巧。 Doe先生的特点是坚韧不拔、有分析头脑、善于与人沟通。

　　6.在描述这些优点的时候，举具体事例来支持你的观点，事例要尽量具体、详细。 他是我所教过的学生中唯一一名把听我所有的课当成一种不懈而最终成功掌握金融理论的努力的学生。班上只有10%的学生得了A，他是其中之一。 珍妮有这样好的写作技巧，我毫不犹豫就让她写了一份报告，这份报告是我们政治行动委员会（PAC）一项重要政策声明的基础。有了珍妮这20多页关于中东政治的分析，国会议员XXX用这份声明去游说，以图吸纳更多的资金。

　　7.力求把这名学生的能力量化，或把他和其他申请人相对比。 他是班上10%的好学生之一。 在我所知的她的同龄人中，她的分析能力是最好的。

　　8.避免一般化和陈词滥调。

　　9.有一些很温和的批评。 就我所知，他唯一的缺点是他与世无争的性格，这种性格使得他有时隐匿了年轻人的活力和广博的兴趣。 偶尔地，她的坚韧和坚持会变成固执，但通常她都性格很好，头脑也很冷静。

　　10.谈谈申请人在他/她所选领域里的前景 我竭力向贵商业学校推荐Doe先生，这名成熟的学生会成为一名优秀的商人。 史密斯小姐有优异的领导、写作等才能，她会成为一名出色的战略咨询人员，会成为她所服务的商业机构的骄傲。

背叛漂流

都是你写的? 哇!

falcon

怎样写Recommendation Letter：

OK. You've written a dynamite personal statement and filled out the applicati##被过滤##. You're coping with school, work, research, volunteer commitments, and applicati##被过滤## when all of a sudden you get an unexpected curve ball. One of your recommenders says. "I really want to help you get into grad school. Why don't you write the letter of rec, and I'll sign it. That way it will emphasize exactly what you think is most important."

You of course graciously acknowledge the recommender's good intenti##被过滤## and thank him or her for the outstanding idea. Inwardly you panic, curse, and think, "I can't write one more word. When am I going to find the time to do it? And what on earth am I supposed to say?"

Relax. I'll tell you what a recommender should say. In fact, you can pass these tips on to your recommenders in case they don't know what to say and don't ask you to say it.

10 Tips for Recommenders


1.Review a copy of the applicant's personal statement or application essays so that your letter of recommendation can dovetail with--not conflict with or duplicate--the rest of the application.

2.Ask the applicant to supply you with additional information like a resume.

3.Describe your qualificati##被过滤## for comparing the applicant to other applicants.

   I have been teaching for twenty years and have advised approximately 450 students on independent research projects  over the last five years.

   I have personally supervised ten interns every summer for the last five years plus worked with over two hundred college graduates in my capacity as trainer for Big Bank Corp.

4.Discuss how well you know the applicant.

   I was able to get to know Mr. Doe because he made it a point to attend two of my secti##被过滤## every week when only one was required.

   Ms. Smith reported directly to me for two years prior to her well-deserved promotion to the position of Assistant Campaign Manager

5.Choose two to three qualities that you observed in the applicant.

   Jane has a rare blend of top writing and interpersonal skills.

   The combination of tenacity, analytical abilities, and good communicati##被过滤## skills found in Mr. Doe is truly unique.

6.In discussing those qualities, support your statements with specific instances in which he or she dem##被过滤##trated those attributes. Be as concrete and detailed as possible

   He is the only student I ever had who came to all my office hours as part of a relentless, and ultimately successful, drive to master political theory. He was one of just ten percent in the class to receive an A.

   Because of Jane's writing skills, I didn't hesitate to ask her to write a report which was used by our PAC as the basis for a major policy statement. Congressman X eventually used the statement, based on Jane's sophisticated 20-page analysis of Middle East politics, in lobbying for increased funding.

7.Try to quantify the student's strengths or rank him or her vis a vis other applicants that you have observed.

   He was in the top 10% of his class.

   She has the best analytical skills of any person her age that I have ever supervised.

8.Avoid generalities and platitudes.

9.Include some mild criticism, typically the flip-side of a strength.

   The only fault I have encountered in him is his retiring nature. His modesty sometimes hides a young man of remarkable strength and broad interests.

   Occasionally, her fortitude and persistence can turn into stubbornness, but usually her good nature and level-headedness prevail.

10.Discuss the applicant's potential in his or her chosen field.

   I enthusiastically recommend Mr. Doe to your graduate school. This well-rounded student will be a fine social worker.

   With her exceptional leadership, writing, and research skills, Ms. Smith will be an outstanding professor and a credit to the graduate school she attends.

falcon

再加一个怎样写Statement

下面是一所学校的Guide Line：

In view of the relatively poor quality of the study plan we received in the past years, the department decides to offer more concrete guidelines to help applicants writing their study plans.

The intention is to tell applicants what the department is looking for in the study plans, and how the applicants can best distinguish themselves during the admission process.

Of course these guidelines are only recommendatory. Applicants are welcome to use their imagination whenever/wherever possible.

The study plan serves three purposes. First, it shows how well applicants can express their ideas in plain English. This requires well-organized thinking skills as well as clear writing. Second, the study plan is supposed to show how much thought the applicants have given to the particular fields in which they want to study. For example, if an applicant wants to study Neural Networks, exactly how much they know about Neural Network and why do they think they are capable of doing research in this field should be clearly explained in the study plan. The third purpose of a study plan is to provide students with lesser grade an opportunity to present their intellectual accomplishments other than academic records. For research projects that require extensive hands-on capabilities, practical problem-solving skills will play as much important roles as course grades.

To help the applicants write down the types of information that will interest the admission committee most, we prepare a list of specific questi##被过滤## that the applicants may c##被过滤##ider to answer in their study plans. Again, answering these questi##被过滤## is not mandatory. They are suggested here to reduce the possibility of wasted efforts on the part of applicants.

[1] What is the most significant achievement you've ever accomplished so far? This could be a class project, a piece of artifact you built, or a research, and it doesn't have to be related to our program.

[2] Is there any specific field you want to work on? Please be as specific as you can. Try to explain how your academic background prepares you to do research in this (these) field(s).

[3] If you have any previous research experiences, please explain them in terms of your roles in the projects, your own contributi##被过滤##, and most importantly the process of deriving the soluti##被过滤##/algorithms you developed, if any.

[4] In case your course grade is not particularly distinguished, why do you think you still have what it takes to do graduate study in our department?

Last suggestion: the applicants are advised to take writing the study plan as serious as they possibly can. Think of it as doing the homework for getting into graduate schools. The more efforts you spent on it, the better chances you have to be admitted into topnotch graduate programs.

falcon

英文推荐信的用词：
留学申请时，推荐信的作用很重要，好的推荐信对申请人来说能够起到事半功倍的作用。在写推荐信时，必然会提及被推荐人的品性（Characters）。介绍每个人独特的个性用词也十分讲究，下列Characters是国外大学所欣赏的形容词，请各位读者参考。列举该类词汇的目的并非要各位将之奉为圭臬，而是希望在大家头痛脚痛浑身都痛的时候有个参考。请别忘了你的独特性，还请别忘了别人同你一样看过这个表格。　
　　（1）Scholastic　aptitude（学习方面的才能）
a．　Native　intellectual　ability（天赋）　
b．　Imagination（想象力）　
c．　Creativity（创造力）　
d．　Capacity　for　analytical　thinking（分析思考能力）　
e．　Intellectual　curiosity;　spirit　of　inquiry（好奇心）　
f．　Ability　to　work　independently（独立学习工作的能力）　
g．　Memory（记忆力）　
h．　Accuracy（准确性）　
i．　Methodology（研究方法）　
j．　Capability　for　abstract　reasoning（抽象推理的能力）　
k．　Potential　as　a　researcher（研究的潜力）　
1．　Potential　as　a　teacher（教学的潜力）　
m．　Ability　to　express　his　ideas　orally　and　in　writing（口头或文字的表达能力）　
n．　Capacity,　desire　and　determination　for　good　quality　graduate　work（获得学业成功的能力、愿望与决心）　
o．　Probable　success　as　a　graduate　student（作为研究生成功的可能性）　

　　（2）Academic　performance（学业上的表现）　
a．　Breadth　of　general　knowledge（知识丰富）　
b．　Knowledge　of　literature　in　his　field（本专业领域知识）　
c．　Grade　or　achievement（成绩或成就）　
d．　Industry,　diligence（勤勉）　
e．　Participation　in　discussion（讨论积极）　
f．　Academic　maturity（学业上的成熟）　

　　（3）Languages（语言能力）　
a．　Ability　to　speak,　understand,　read　and　write　the　English　language（听、说、读、写英文的能力）　
b．　Ability　to　read　significant　literature　in　other　languages　than　English（英语以外的语言阅读能力）

　　（4）Character（品行）　
a．　Honesty;　integrity（诚实）　
b．　Sincerity（诚恳）　
c．　Sense　of　resp##被过滤##ibility（责任感）　
d．　Cooperation　（合作）　
e．　Enthusiasm（热诚）　
f．　C##被过滤##cientiousness（自觉性）　
g．　Ethical　and　moral　standards（伦理与道德标准）　
h．　Reliability;　dependability（可靠性）

falcon

Statement of Purpose与Studying Plan的不同之处

　　以下均算是同样的文件：
　　1. Statement of Purpose
　　2. Personal Statement
　　3. Statement of Objectives
　　4. Personal Letter
　　5. Planning on Study
　　6. Sdudying Plan

　　此有别于：
　　1. Resume
　　2. Curriculum Vitae

　　而有位网友说道： Personal Statement 不是自传吗?

　　想再用一点点文字稍加说明一下我的想法：

　　每个中文可以有很多个英文表示法，要明确地界定什么是 "读书计划" 实有点困难！同样地，要把英文非常适切地译为中文，也是很难的，不是吗！否则这工作就交给翻译机去做就好了，您说是吗？而，老实讲，看到上述八个名词，我只能说那是八种 "不同" 的东西！不过我想可以先从中文来分辨一下 "自传" 及 "读书计划" 的内容：

　　(一) 自传应该包括： 个人资料，个人学经历，个人论文及著作，所学专长等

　　(二) 读书计划含： 学习动机，学程背景，经历影响，前程规划，如何选校等

　　乍看之下，其实是差不多的！

　　也许，您所得知的讯息不全是这样的吧！但是我想来分别叙述一下：

　　1. 纯自传 resume : 多在述说以前在我身上发生的事情，都是既成事实！

　　2. 纯研究力说明 curriculum vitae : 主在说明自己以前在该研究领域上的成就，并表明自己可以在那些领域下作更高深的探讨！

　　以上两个是极端且狭隘的文件！

　　3. statement 的宣示，即有 plan 的意义，就该把 "自己" 和 "自己的计划"，都详加说明！

　　4. purpose 及 objective 就很明确地希望大家表明目的及计画，所以这两个较无争议！所以我的意思是只要有 statement 或 plan 就该照"读书计画" 的方法写，你说呢？

　　5. 除上所言，就只剩 personal letter 没讨论到了，而 personal letter (同 recommendation letter) 的 letter ，应该解释为文件比较好，而 letter 主要是希望笔者可以 "畅所欲言" 的表达吧

falcon

怎样写Statement(1)
读书计划


　　读书计划的内容应包含下列三项资料：

　　（一）申请者的学术或专业兴趣及背景

　　（二）欲研究的方向

　　（三）未来的职业目标

　　写作时，依以上三点将文章分为三段。不要像列清单，也不要重覆申请表格已有的资料。

　　注意事项：

　　（一）详读学校的写作说明并了解问题的重点，不赘言，不遗漏，且在要求的字数内完成。例如学校要求五百字内完成(In 500 words or lessdiscuss ...)，则全文最好不要超过五百字。如果学校要求以问答方式来
叙述(Resp##被过滤##es to essay questi##被过滤##.....，Please limit your resp##被过滤##e to on page.)，即依其要求回答不长过一页。

　　（二）写作时应清楚明确。例如：

　　1. "I am interested in English literature" 这句话表达不够清楚，而I was concentrated on Milton and Shakespeare in college" 就明白的说出了申请人的志趣及专研］范围。

　　2．"I received extensive training in physics" 这句话不够详细，"My training was in the area of particle physics"就具体多了。

　　3. "I was very active as a student representative" 最好说明曾经做什麽:主办演讲、沟通学生与校方之意见等。

　　4．"I am attracted to your department by its brilliant faculty--"应说明对於教授的认知是从何而来，如在何处读到某教授之文章而愿受教于他，或某位教授正在从事一项重要研究，与自己欲攻读的研究领域相同等。
　　表达对所申请之系的课程、教师和特性有些了解，依学校之不同而提及某位任教於该校的教授、新课程或该校的某个学位有兴趣。

　　（三）不要用语意模糊的句子，如 "Your esteemed school---"应代以学校的名字。"I will return to serve my country---"应明确的说出所要从事的到底是什么工作等。

　　（四）避免用深奥的字汇，尽量以简单容易的字来表达。

　　（五）不要离题，谈论一些不相干的事。

　　（六）态度诚恳认真，不卑不亢。不用为自己的弱点道歉，譬如:托福成绩不高等；也不要表现得过份自信。重要的是给学校一个专业，认真的印象。

　　（七）不要抄袭，改写书上的样本文章。应详读学校的介绍，了解其要求，再对自己的学业背景、计划加以考虑，写出自己的风格。

　　（八）检查英文的时态、性别及单多数等方面的错误，美国的学校不会期望外国学生的英文完美无缺，故陈述得清楚明白比十全十美的英文重要。

falcon

正确写简历方法：

申请美国院校入学和奖学金资助，要准备一份合适的个人简历。个人简历的目的是让对方清晰地了解申请者的全面情况，应力求在真实、全面、简明的基础上准确地反映自己受教育和从事专业工作的经历，特别是近年来的工作方向、研究兴趣及成果。　

　　个人简历主要包括以下内容：

　　1．姓名。力求与各种学历证明的姓名相同，如有更名的情况，务必在公证时予以声明，并附上公证书。


　　2．性别。


　　3．出生年月日及地点。力求与各类学历证明的出生年月日一致，出生地点写明国别和省别。


　　4．国籍。


　　5．婚否。应分为未婚、己婚、丧偶、独身四种状况。　


　　6．现在工作单位及详细通信地址。


　　7．个人受教育经历。包括大学、硕士研究生阶段的在读时间，所在大学的名称、专业和所获学位；参加工作后的受教育经历，主要是指脱产接受专门的进修、培训或学习。


　　8．个人从事专业的经历。填写专业经历应力求抓住重点，突出研究方向；担任教学工作的可列出主讲、助讲的课程名称；担任研究工作的可列出参加各个研究项目的课题名称。


　　9．有何著作、论文或研究成果。个人的论文、著作和研究成果要分门别类列出，并一定要与个人专业经历相一致。所列著作要注明名称、出版年月、出版单位。所列论文要注明论文题目，刊载的杂志或期刊名称、期号、语种；对于在学术会议上发表的文章还要注明学术会议的名称、召开的时间和地点等等。如果其中有被外国学者评论过的，最好附上刊载评论文章的杂志名称及时间。　


　　10．外语水平。注明参加TOEFL、GRE等考试的时间、地点及成绩。若申请者掌握多门外语，则要一一注明语种并说明熟练程度。


　　11．参加何种学术团体，得到何种荣誉。学术团体一般应是省、市或行业一级以上的专业学术团体，在学术团体中所担任职务可予以注明：荣誉主要是指在专业、技术研究方面获得的奖励和荣誉，要注明获奖名称、颁奖时间和颁奖单位。　


　　12．拟申请的大学和导师的姓名。可根据申请者查询到的资料予以注明，需注意按照每个单位、每位导师给一份简历的原则，即在同一份简历中不必注明全部想要联系的单位或导师。


　　13．拟进行的研究方向和希望从事研究的题目。国外院校的专业面一般较宽，要根据国外情况，力求专业面与其一致；研究课题可根据自己的研究兴趣和需要，同时也要尽量考虑对方的条件。简历最好打印。上述项目如遇缺项可不必撰写，只需将下一项内容提前即可。简历的字迹要求工整、清楚。既不要言过其实，又必须充分反映自己的实际水平。

falcon

About Letter of Recommendation：

AS A PERSON SUFFERED A LOT IN APPLICATI##被过滤## AND AT LAST GOT WHAT I WANT, I'D LIKE TO SHARE SOME OF MY EXPERIENCES AND IDEAS IN RECOMMENDATI##被过滤## , TO HELP THOSE HONORABLE NEW COMERS, AND THOSE WHO ARE SEPARATED, BY ANY REASON , LIKE MY WIFE AND ME.

In my opinion, the most important thing in application differs much from people to people, from school to school. But generally speaking, they will c##被过滤##ider all the materials they have and at last, if there are STH VERY OUTSTANDING CONCERNING you, they will surely give you what you want.

among the most important things, including recommendaiotns, transcripts, score in GRE and Tofel, the most common standard is that TRANSCRIPT, TOEFL, GRE SUB, GRE GENERAL, then the recommendation.

The recommendation becam the most trivial thing in this procession is because:
(1) USA professors seems already know that few letters were written by faculty members, they are always the work of students'.
(2) There are few professors in china which are famous and willing to write recommedati##被过滤## for students who is going out.
(3) Most professors are not so famous as to be useful in deciding the students' being admitted or not.

But we have some excepti##被过滤## here. When you are lucky enough to find a famous professor, famous to be known by many professors in USA, Acedamy members are not enough in this issue though. To provide a in stance, like Zhang Dainian, Chen daisun, or Zhou Guangzhao, or some people who are very close friend or holding close relati##被过滤## with the professors you are applying, these peoples recommendati##被过滤## will be extremely useful.

Anyway, the recommendati##被过滤## are required in the applicati##被过滤##, so we need to choose the recommendati##被过滤## and the people to write it. There are 6 kinds of recommendati##被过滤##,each is worse then the next one.
(1) Letters written by you, signed by famous professor or professor closely related to the school you are applying;
(2)Letters written by you, corrected by those people as refered above;
(3)Letters written by you, signed by common faculty professors;
(4)letters written by you, corrected by those people as above;
(5)Letters written by famous people and you have no access to it;
(6)Letters written by common ones.

Choose your letters in the order above, and there are many sad experiences concerning the case against this basic rule: I was refused by 4 top schools just because I have used a very famous academy memeber's four reference letters.

There are many other skills concerning the resume, etc. which I will cover next time. I guess as a conclusion, to make your reference letter useful, you must,
(1) Make totally good words in it, or make it more realistic, put sth. bad but not improtant at all;
(2)Choose relevant peopel to write it, either they do not know, or they knwo very well, Academy member in other fields will equals to common ones, or even worse because you can not get good words from them generally speaking.

eric

没有没有啦~~~

liushiyou

eric好了没？我等着呢

liushiyou

玷污？这词我喜欢

eric

你真是麻烦！！！